Compressor Dehumidifier: A Concise Guide

Learn about compressor dehumidifiers, focusing on:

• Buying Considerations: Size, features, and energy efficiency.
• Maintenance Tips: Cleaning, filter replacement, and storage.

Keep your home dry and comfortable with the right dehumidifier.

Introduction

High humidity can be a nuisance, causing discomfort, promoting mold growth, and even damaging property. A compressor dehumidifier can be a valuable tool to combat these issues. This comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know about compressor dehumidifiers, from how they work to how to choose the right one for your needs and how to maintain it for optimal performance and longevity.

Understanding Humidity and Its Effects

Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. Relative humidity (RH) expresses the amount of water vapor as a percentage of the maximum amount the air can hold at a given temperature. High humidity levels (above 50%) can lead to various problems:

• Discomfort: Sticky or clammy feeling, making it difficult to cool down.
• Mold and Mildew Growth: Excess moisture creates an ideal environment for mold and mildew, leading to health problems and property damage.
• Allergies and Respiratory Issues: Mold spores and dust mites thrive in humid environments, exacerbating allergies and asthma.
• Damage to Property: Wood rot, warped floors, peeling paint, and rust on metal surfaces.
• Unpleasant Odors: A musty or stale smell in enclosed spaces.

What is a Compressor Dehumidifier?

A compressor dehumidifier, also known as a refrigerant dehumidifier, uses a refrigeration system to cool the air and condense moisture. This type of dehumidifier is generally more effective in warmer temperatures and is a popular choice for homes, offices, and other living spaces.

How a Compressor Dehumidifier Works

1. Air Intake: The dehumidifier draws in moist air from the room using a fan.
2. Cooling Coils: The air passes over cold coils filled with refrigerant. As the air cools, water vapor condenses into liquid water.
3. Water Collection: The condensed water drips into a collection tank or is drained out through a hose.
4. Reheating: The cooled, dehumidified air then passes over warm coils (the condenser) to raise its temperature slightly. This prevents the dehumidifier from excessively cooling the room.
5. Air Exhaust: Finally, the drier, slightly warmer air is released back into the room.

Types of Compressor Dehumidifiers

Compressor dehumidifiers come in various sizes and configurations, typically categorized by their capacity:

• Small Dehumidifiers (30 pints or less): Suitable for small rooms like bathrooms, closets, or small bedrooms.
• Medium Dehumidifiers (30-50 pints): Ideal for average-sized rooms like living rooms, larger bedrooms, or basements.
• Large Dehumidifiers (50-70 pints or more): Designed for large spaces like whole basements, large living areas, or very humid environments.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Compressor Dehumidifiers

Benefits:

• Effective at Higher Temperatures: Works well in warmer environments.
• Energy Efficient in Warmer Conditions: Generally more energy-efficient than desiccant dehumidifiers when temperatures are above 65°F (18°C).
• Wide Range of Sizes: Available in various sizes to suit different room sizes and humidity levels.
• More Affordable: Typically less expensive to purchase than desiccant dehumidifiers.

Drawbacks:

• Less Effective at Low Temperatures: Performance decreases significantly in colder temperatures (below 60°F or 16°C). The coils can freeze up, reducing efficiency and potentially damaging the unit.
• Noisier: Tend to be noisier than desiccant dehumidifiers due to the compressor operation.
• Heavier: Generally heavier and bulkier than desiccant models.

Key Features to Consider When Buying

When choosing a compressor dehumidifier, consider these key features:

• Capacity: The amount of water the dehumidifier can remove in a 24-hour period (measured in pints).
• Coverage Area: The recommended room size for the dehumidifier.
• Energy Efficiency: Look for Energy Star certified models.
• Noise Level: Check the decibel rating (dB). Lower dB indicates quieter operation.
• Drainage Options: Manual (removable water tank) or Continuous (hose connection).
• Humidistat: Allows you to set the desired humidity level.
• Timer: Allows you to program the dehumidifier to run for specific periods.
• Auto Shut-Off: Automatically shuts off when the water tank is full.
• Auto Defrost: Prevents ice buildup on the coils in colder temperatures.
• Portability: Consider features like wheels and handles for easy movement.

Size and Capacity: Choosing the Right Fit

Choosing the right size and capacity is crucial for effective dehumidification. Here's a general guideline:

• Slightly Damp (Minor Humidity Issues):
  • 500 sq ft: 10-15 pint dehumidifier
  • 1000 sq ft: 20-25 pint dehumidifier
  • 1500 sq ft: 30-35 pint dehumidifier
• Moderately Damp (Noticeable Humidity):
  • 500 sq ft: 20 pint dehumidifier
  • 1000 sq ft: 30 pint dehumidifier
  • 1500 sq ft: 40 pint dehumidifier
• Very Damp (Visible Moisture, Mold Growth):
  • 500 sq ft: 30 pint dehumidifier
  • 1000 sq ft: 40-50 pint dehumidifier
  • 1500 sq ft: 50-60 pint dehumidifier
• Extremely Damp (Standing Water): Consider a 60+ pint dehumidifier or a commercial-grade model. Address the source of the water intrusion.

Important Note: These are just general guidelines. Consider factors like ceiling height, the number of windows, and the presence of moisture-generating activities (e.g., laundry, cooking) when making your decision. It's always better to slightly overestimate the required capacity than to underestimate it.

Energy Efficiency and Operating Costs

Dehumidifiers can consume a significant amount of energy. Look for Energy Star certified models, which meet strict energy efficiency guidelines. The Energy Star label indicates that the dehumidifier uses at least 15% less energy than standard models.

To further reduce operating costs:

• Use a Humidistat: Set the desired humidity level and allow the dehumidifier to cycle on and off as needed.
• Run During Off-Peak Hours: If your electricity provider offers time-of-use rates, run the dehumidifier during off-peak hours when electricity is cheaper.
• Maintain the Dehumidifier: Clean the air filter regularly to ensure efficient airflow.
• Seal Air Leaks: Reduce the amount of humid air entering the room by sealing air leaks around windows and doors.

Noise Level Considerations

Compressor dehumidifiers can be noisy due to the compressor and fan operation. Consider the noise level, especially if you plan to use the dehumidifier in a bedroom or living area. Look for models with a lower decibel (dB) rating. A dehumidifier with a dB rating of 50 or less is generally considered quiet.

Drainage Options: Manual vs. Continuous

Dehumidifiers offer two main drainage options:

• Manual Drainage (Water Tank): The condensed water collects in a removable tank. You need to empty the tank manually when it's full. This is suitable for occasional use or when continuous drainage is not possible.
• Continuous Drainage (Hose Connection): You can connect a hose to the dehumidifier and drain the water directly into a drain, sink, or sump pump. This is ideal for continuous operation and high humidity situations.

Additional Features: Humidistat, Timer, and More

Consider these additional features when choosing a dehumidifier:

• Humidistat: Allows you to set the desired humidity level. The dehumidifier will automatically turn on and off to maintain that level.
• Timer: Allows you to program the dehumidifier to run for specific periods, saving energy.
• Auto Shut-Off: Automatically shuts off when the water tank is full, preventing overflow.
• Auto Defrost: Prevents ice buildup on the coils in colder temperatures, ensuring efficient operation.
• Adjustable Fan Speed: Allows you to control the airflow and noise level.
• Air Filter: Removes dust and allergens from the air.
• Digital Display: Provides information about humidity levels, settings, and error codes.
• Remote Control: Allows you to control the dehumidifier from a distance.
• Casters (Wheels): Make it easier to move the dehumidifier from room to room.
• Pump: pumps water vertically or over a longer distance for drainage.

Top Brands and Models on the Market

Several reputable brands offer compressor dehumidifiers. Some popular brands include:

• Frigidaire
• GE
• hOmeLabs
• Keystone
• LG
• Honeywell
• De'Longhi
• Ivation

Research specific models based on your needs and budget. Read reviews and compare features before making a purchase.

Installation and Setup: Getting Started

1. Placement: Place the dehumidifier on a level surface in a central location in the room. Avoid placing it near furniture or walls that could block airflow.
2. Airflow: Ensure adequate airflow around the dehumidifier. Leave at least 6 inches of space on all sides.
3. Drainage: If using continuous drainage, connect a hose to the drain outlet and route it to a suitable drain. Make sure the hose is not kinked or blocked. If using Manual drainage. Be sure to empty the tank as needed.
4. Power: Plug the dehumidifier into a grounded electrical outlet.
5. Settings: Set the desired humidity level using the humidistat.
6. Initial Operation: Allow the dehumidifier to run continuously for the first 24-48 hours to establish the desired humidity level. Set to the specific environment.

Maintenance Tips for Longevity

Proper maintenance will extend the life of your dehumidifier and ensure optimal performance:

• Clean the Air Filter: Clean the air filter every 2-4 weeks, or more often if necessary. A dirty filter restricts airflow and reduces efficiency. Wash the filter with mild soap and water, rinse thoroughly, and allow it to dry completely before reinstalling.
• Clean the Water Tank: Clean the water tank regularly to prevent mold and bacteria growth. Wash it with mild soap and water and rinse thoroughly.
• Inspect the Coils: Periodically inspect the cooling coils for dust and debris. Use a soft brush or vacuum cleaner to remove any buildup.
• Defrost the Coils: If the dehumidifier has an auto-defrost function, allow it to run as needed. If not, manually defrost the coils by turning off the dehumidifier and allowing the ice to melt.
• Store Properly: When not in use, store the dehumidifier in a dry place. Clean the coils and inside of the unit prior to storage. Cover it to protect it from dust.
• Check the Drainage Hose: If using continuous drainage, periodically check the hose for clogs or kinks.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Dehumidifier Not Removing Moisture:
  • Check the humidity setting: Make sure the humidistat is set to a lower level than the current humidity.
  • Clean the air filter: A dirty filter restricts airflow.
  • Check for obstructions: Ensure there is adequate airflow around the dehumidifier.
  • Check the room size: The dehumidifier may be too small for the room.
  • Check the temperature: Compressor dehumidifiers are less effective in cold temperatures.
  • Check for ice buildup: If the coils are frozen, defrost the dehumidifier.
• Dehumidifier is Noisy:
  • Ensure the dehumidifier is on a level surface.
  • Check for loose parts.
  • Clean the air filter.
  • The compressor may be wearing out (if the noise increases significantly).
• Dehumidifier Not Turning On:
  • Check the power cord and outlet.
  • Check the fuse or circuit breaker.
  • The water tank may be full (if it has an auto shut-off feature).
• Dehumidifier Leaking Water:
  • Check the water tank for cracks or leaks.
  • Ensure the drain hose is properly connected (if using continuous drainage).
  • The dehumidifier may be tilted, causing water to overflow.
• Dehumidifier Icing Up:
  • Low Room Temperature: Compressor dehumidifiers are less effective in cold temperatures. Ensure the room temperature is above 60°F (16°C).
  • Dirty Air Filter: A clogged air filter restricts airflow, causing the coils to get too cold and freeze.
  • Faulty Thermostat: A malfunctioning thermostat can prevent the unit from cycling properly, leading to ice buildup.

If you are unable to resolve the issue, consult the manufacturer's instructions or contact a qualified technician.

Safety Precautions When Using a Dehumidifier

• Electrical Safety: Always plug the dehumidifier into a grounded electrical outlet. Do not use extension cords or adapters.
• Water Safety: Do not immerse the dehumidifier in water or allow water to get inside the unit.
• Flammable Materials: Keep the dehumidifier away from flammable materials such as curtains, furniture, and aerosols.
• Children and Pets: Keep children and pets away from the dehumidifier. The water tank can be a drowning hazard.
• Servicing: Do not attempt to repair the dehumidifier yourself. Contact a qualified technician for servicing.
• Empty the water tank frequently to prevent mold or bacterial growth.

When to Replace Your Dehumidifier

A dehumidifier typically lasts for 5-10 years with proper maintenance. Consider replacing your dehumidifier if:

• It is no longer effectively removing moisture from the air.
• It is making loud or unusual noises.
• It requires frequent repairs.
• It is no longer energy efficient.

Environmental Considerations

Be mindful of the environmental impact when operating and disposing of your dehumidifier:

• Refrigerant Disposal: Dehumidifiers contain refrigerant, which must be handled and disposed of properly. Do not attempt to remove the refrigerant yourself. Contact a certified technician for proper disposal.
• Energy Consumption: Use the dehumidifier only when necessary and set the humidistat to the lowest comfortable level to minimize energy consumption.
• Recycling: Check with your local recycling center for information on how to recycle your old dehumidifier.

Choosing the Right Dehumidifier For Your Needs

To recap, consider the following to choose the correct dehumidifier:

• Room Size and Moisture Level:
  • Assess the size of the space and the severity of the humidity.
  • Select the appropriate pint capacity based on the room size and dampness (see size/capacity).
• Features
  • Must-have: Capacity, Coverage Area, Energy Efficiency, Noise Level, and Drainage Options.
  • Nice to have: Humidistat, Timer, Auto Shut-Off, Auto Defrost, Adjustable Fan Speed, Air Filter, Digital Display, Remote Control, Casters.
• Budget
  • Research price and decide on one within your budget.

Conclusion

Maintaining a healthy humidity level in your home is essential for comfort, health, and property protection. By understanding how compressor dehumidifiers work, considering the key features, following proper maintenance procedures, and adhering to safety precautions, you can effectively combat excess moisture and enjoy a more comfortable and healthier living environment. Remember to choose the right size and type of dehumidifier for your specific needs and always prioritize safety and energy efficiency.